European and American countries are now the majority of known HCV-Ⅰ infection, while Asian countries the main type Ⅱ, Ⅲ type followed. Okomoto report Japanese chronic hepatitis C patients and healthy blood donors is mainly Ⅱ infection, accounting for 59.3% and 82.4%, while about 50% of hemophiliacs were infected with type Ⅰ, because the application enter the United States imported coagulation factor Ⅷ. Wang’s report on China’s Beijing in patients with chronic hepatitis C infection of 86.2% as type Ⅱ, Ⅲ infection of 13.8%. Infection in patients with type Ⅲ and the Xinjiang accounts for 50%, indicating different types of HCV have a certain distribution of the places and people. In addition, the clinical course of infection of different genotypes and response to interferon treatment is also shown in different clinical symptoms of infection, such as type Ⅲ heavier, there is tendency to rise to severely punish the liver: Ⅱ model (Simmonds 1b) infection on interferon therapy is not sensitive to poor results. Ⅲ infection (Simononds 2a) good results with interferon therapy.

Pathogenicity and immunity

Source of infection with hepatitis C is mainly acute clinical and subclinical asymptomatic patients, chronic patients and HIV carriers. Most patients for 12 days prior to the onset, the blood that is infectious and can be carriers of the virus over 12 years. The main source of HCV spread of blood, 30-90% of foreign post-transfusion hepatitis of hepatitis C, our post-transfusion hepatitis Hepatitis C accounts for 1 / 3. As well as through other means, such as vertical transmission, the family daily contacts and sexual propagation.

Enter with HCV or HCV-RNA in plasma or blood products, usually after 6-7 weeks incubation period of cases of acute onset, clinical manifestations general weakness, poor appetite, liver discomfort, 1 / 3 of patients have jaundice, ALT increased, anti-HCV antibodies. 50% of clinical hepatitis C patients may develop chronic hepatitis, and even some patients may lead to liver hard and hepatocellular carcinoma. The rest, about half of the patients as self-limiting, automatic recovery.

Pathogenesis of hepatitis C has not yet fully clear, when the HCV replication in liver cells caused by structural and functional changes of liver cells, or interfere with liver cell protein synthesis, can cause liver cell degeneration and necrosis, indicating that HCV directly damage the liver, leading to disease play a role. However, most scholars believe that the cellular immune response may play an important role in pathology and found that, like hepatitis C and hepatitis B and its tissue infiltration by CD3 + cells, mainly cytotoxic T cells (TC)-specific attack on HCV infection of target cells, can cause liver cell injury.

Clinical observations show that people are infected with HCV after the protective immunity generated by poor, longer infected with different, and even some patients lead to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The rest, about half of the patients as self-limiting, automatic recovery.

Pathogenesis of hepatitis C has not yet been very clear, when the HCV replication in liver cells caused by structural and functional changes of liver cells, or interfere with liver cell protein synthesis, can cause liver cell degeneration and necrosis, indicating that HCV directly damage the liver, leading to play a role in pathogenesis . But most of mathematics that the cellular immune response may play an important role in pathology and found that, like hepatitis C and hepatitis B and its tissue infiltration by CD3 + cells, mainly cytotoxic T cells (TC)-specific attack on HCV infection of target cells, can cause liver cell injury.

Clinical observations show that people are infected with HCV after the protective immunity generated by poor, longer infected by different strains, and even the same strain of HCV. HCV infection may be related to the low level of viremia and the HDV-level variation of sex-related genes.

To raise public awareness of viral hepatitis and promote early treatment in patients with a firm confidence in patients, the Chinese Foundation for Hepatitis Prevention of World Hepatitis Day, the country will conduct “I have Hepatitis C Stories” sponsored events and series of hepatitis science educational activities. Recently, I contacted experts in the field of liver disease in Guangzhou, Professor: Professor Hou Jinlin Nanfang Hospital, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Professor Chen Wenli, Guangzhou and eight Deputy Dean Professor Yin Chibiao and Zhongshan Hospital 3 Professor Zhao Zhixin, detailed information about the situation, as well as the incidence of hepatitis C essay details, the following is an interview Record:

39 Health Net: invited experts to tell us about the Current Situation of China’s hepatitis C?

Expert: China Center for Disease Control and Prevention data show that infectious diseases reported in recent years, China’s report found the number of hepatitis C upward trend in 2008 about 12 million people in the last five years, turned around 5 times. Easy to develop chronic hepatitis C, about 75% ~ 85% of the hepatitis C virus infection may develop chronic hepatitis C infected with hepatitis C 20 years later, the annual incidence of cirrhosis was 10% ~ 15%, once the development of cirrhosis, liver cancer annual incidence of 1% ~ 7%. According to the National Sero-epidemiological survey data show that anti-HCV positive rate over a certain difference in the Yangtze River as the boundary, the North (3.6%) than in the South (2.9%), southwest, east, north, northwest, south-central and north-east, respectively 2.5%, 2.7%, 3.2%, 3.3%, 3.8% and 4.6% respectively. Anti-HCV positive rate increased gradually with age, from one age group to 2.0% from 50 to 59 age group to 3.9%. Was no significant difference between men and women. The positive rate of 300 ten-thousandth of Guangdong.

39 Health Net: invited experts to tell us about the symptoms of hepatitis C as well as the harm?

Expert: Patients infected with hepatitis C virus, the major clinical symptoms are not apparent. Only a few patients in the acute phase is usually mild symptoms or no symptoms. When it became chronic, many people in a very long time may not have any symptoms appear, (also a very small part of the chronic diseases in the chest or other parts of the Agency emerged spiders hemorrhoids) but the virus on the liver cell damage has been sustained with , until the liver becomes hardened or otherwise, may occur after liver cancer-related symptoms. Thus, HCV is considered the “silent killer.” Hepatitis C is a serious, chronic progressive disease, it is a continuous destruction of the liver. Because the initial symptoms was not obvious, they often are ignored, but the disease was unwittingly continued progress, if not timely diagnosis and treatment, which may develop into cirrhosis and liver cancer. Cirrhosis of the liver caused by hepatitis C liver disease has become one of the diseases in the highest fatality rate. Infected with hepatitis C virus, about 75% ~ 85% of patients with chronic hepatitis C evolution. And chronic hepatitis C, such as lack of timely, accurate, reasonable treatment, 10% ~ 30% may develop cirrhosis of the liver; hepatitis C patients with cirrhosis of the liver, about 3% to 10% can be turned into hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatitis C can be seen on the health and labor productivity, great harm.

39 Health Net: What are the high risk of hepatitis C?

Expert: According to the Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Professor Chen Wenli describes nine types of hepatitis C are mainly high-risk groups:

Prior to 1993 had received blood transfusions or blood products are; repeated dialysis and organ transplant recipients; sharing syringes were; HIV infected persons; babies born to mothers infected with HCV; acupuncture, stab wounds or damaged mucous membrane contact with HCV-positive blood Department persons; with HCV infection who have sex; had interventional treatment of patients (gastroscopy, endoscopy, dental equipment), there have been tattoos, Wen-mei, wearing earrings and other holes.

39 Health Net: treatment and prevention of hepatitis C What are the main?

Expert: with the hepatitis B virus can only control is difficult to cure different from the majority of hepatitis C is curable. But the key to early detection, early treatment, standard medication. Hepatitis C antibody (anti-HCV)-positive prompts are two possibilities: been or are being infected with HCV. For hepatitis C antibody (anti-HCV)-positive individuals, early diagnosis and prompt treatment is crucial. China’s “Guide to hepatitis C prevention and treatment,” says that if you take early antiviral treatment of hepatitis C, clear or sustained suppression of hepatitis C virus in vivo, we can improve or reduce the liver damage, to prevent the disease progressed to cirrhosis, liver failure and liver cancer . The first is the treatment of hepatitis C virus replication inhibition, thereby blocking hepatitis C virus on the liver to cirrhosis, liver cancer development process. Hepatitis C prevention and treatment in accordance with national guidelines, the current internationally recognized as the only effective treatment is interferon-α combined with ribavirin therapy. In order to further improve the efficacy, the U.S. and European guidelines on hepatitis C prevention and treatment with pegylated interferon replaced the ordinary interferon and ribavirin hepatitis C treatment to become the gold standard. Numerous large-scale clinical trial results show that pegylated interferon α-2a (Pegasys ®) combined with ribavirin treatment, Liu Cheng Qi Cheng patients are given access to effectively remove the virus and ultimately cure the disease.

Because hepatitis C vaccine still in the research stage, the current hepatitis C and prevention needs of society and individuals together to work. For the concerned sectors of society, to strengthen the blood products and medical devices regulation; For individuals, away from drug abuse, promiscuity and other bad behavior. Once suffering from hepatitis C, the most important is to get get rid of all alcoholic beverages, including: beer, liquor, wine and champagne, etc., and because hepatitis C is contagious, so patients with hepatitis C should avoid sharing razors and toothbrushes with others, such acts in order to avoid infecting others. In the physical examination, in addition to liver function tests, there should be hepatitis C virus antibody detection. Do hepatitis C early discovery, early diagnosis and early treatment.

● lack of timely treatment of chronic hepatitis C, 10% to 30% may develop cirrhosis of the liver

It is reported that the theme of this year’s World Hepatitis Day followed last year’s “I am the first 12 it?”, Which means about 12 people in the world there is one in patients with chronic viral hepatitis (including hepatitis B and hepatitis C). The World Health Organization (WHO) statistics, the global hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection rate of about 3%, it is estimated HCV infected groups of up to about 1.7 million people with hepatitis C cases emerging each year about 3.5 million cases annually. As a high incidence of hepatitis C, our country There are about 38 million cases of hepatitis C patients, with an average infection rate was 3.2%. Now, let us to pass a hepatitis C patients with the disease, after treatment, to conduct a deeper understanding of HCV.

Blood transfusion before 1993 is a high-risk populations

The last century, the early 90s, Guangdong Chaozhou-Shantou region, Arjun only 20 years old, at a local hospital to do accountants. Because the constitution is not good, easy to cold, her husband bought her an injection of gamma globulin. After no significant improvement in physical Arjun, but there is no any problem, the hospital organized each year by physical examination, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) have shown that normal, she was also his physical condition is assured.

Expert Comment:

Deputy director of Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Dr. Professor Chen Wenli

HCV the most common means of transmission is blood transfusion, the use of blood products, and the use of virus-contaminated medical devices. It is noteworthy that although the route of transmission of hepatitis C and hepatitis B are similar, but because of the variation of hepatitis C virus quickly, so has not yet developed a hepatitis C vaccine.

Because our country before 1993, blood transfusion and blood products did not fully implement the hepatitis C virus detection, so prior to 1993 had received blood transfusions or blood products were classified as high risk hepatitis. Hepatitis C in high-risk groups include: repeated blood dialysis and organ transplant recipients; sharing syringes were; HIV infected persons; babies born to mothers infected with HCV; acupuncture, stab wounds or damaged mucosa at the blood contact with HCV-positive persons; and HCV infection who have sex; had interventional treatment of patients (gastroscopy, endoscopy, dental equipment), there have been tattoos, Wen-mei, wearing earrings and other holes.

According to this standard, Arjun actually belong to HCV high-risk groups. Transaminases have been normal and just shows normal liver function, but does not mean that the liver has not been infected, the best and then check a hepatitis C antibody.

An “angioma” may be the liver emergency

Arjun if that was for three years. One day, the hospital looking for a doctor to the Treasury, Arjun receive wages, accidentally found her on the back of the hand there is a “spider angioma,” asked Arjun: “Do you have liver disease it?” Arjun said no, the doctor asked : “You lose the blood off it?” Arjun careful to remember and remind himself that he had been injected with gamma globulin, tell a doctor, the doctor told her to look up there HCV.

Arjun at the hospital checked liver function and hepatitis C antibodies, the results of the former showed normal, the latter positive. After further examination, she was diagnosed as infected with HCV.

Expert Comment:

Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University Professor Hou Jinlin, director of Infectious Diseases

The liver is a silent organ, are infected with hepatitis C virus, in the acute phase is usually mild symptoms or no symptoms, when it became chronic, many people in a very long time may not have any symptoms, but the virus on the liver cell damage has been continuing to until the liver becomes hardened or otherwise, may occur after liver cancer-related symptoms, and therefore, hepatitis C has been regarded as “the silent killer.” And many people got hepatitis after learning of their own because of fear of being discriminated against while the friends and family to keep “silent.” Over a variety of factors have led to hepatitis C become a “silent” disease.

3 Division of Infectious Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital Professor Zhao Zhixin, deputy director of Physicians

“Angioma” Most appear on the face, neck and chest, manifested as the center circle diameter of 2mm below the small blood vessels in tumors, to four weeks out of many small blood vessels, looks like the skin lying in a red spider. It is a chronic liver disease, such as hepatitis B, hepatitis C, alcoholic liver, a common symptom, is due to the capacity of hepatic inactivation of estrogen reduced estrogen levels of a blood vessel caused by a corresponding increase in the distribution of abnormal state.

Hepatitis C is only one effective treatment

Arjun and her husband learned from the doctor, hepatitis C is a serious, chronic progressive disease, if not timely diagnosis and treatment, which may develop into cirrhosis and liver cancer, cirrhosis of the liver caused by hepatitis C liver disease has become the highest fatality rate in one of the diseases; while hepatitis C is the only effective treatment of interferon-α combined with ribavirin therapy, but the use of interferon treatment of hepatitis C was effective only 12%, and there may be muscle pain, fever, chills, gastrointestinal symptoms, skin allergic-like symptoms or psychological symptoms. Therefore, she refused the use of interferon, only choose Liver treatment.

Arjun again to see after a few years of the hepatitis C is. Originally the couple wanted a child, but Arjun in the pre-pregnancy examination it was discovered that the HCV virus itself still exists, ALT increased, and there have been early cirrhosis of the liver. This time a feeling of desire to give birth to a healthy baby, she accepted the doctor’s recommendations. In the inspection confirmed that Arjun did not use interferon treatment contraindications, she started interferon therapy.

Professor Zhang Hongfei admissions to reporters about her encounter two things: a junior high school students in Beijing during a physical examination in hepatitis C infection was diagnosed, the parents are very puzzled and asked the doctor: “how can our children suffer from of hepatitis C? he can eat, drink, sleep, able to run, able to joke in sports is the specialty of Health … … “Sport projects can get the expertise, we can imagine that how well the student’s physical fitness . There are a High School student, playing table tennis in 2056, learning is also very good, but identified hepatitis C, but is still found after the jump, without any clinical symptoms. So, Professor Zhang Hongfei reminded: the history of those who have had blood transfusion, pulling their teeth, and there is no vaccination of persons with special needle (especially before 1994), are likely to be infected with hepatitis C in high-risk groups, on a regular basis for check-ups is particularly important. If the first negative HCV antibody test should be done in 6 months after a hepatitis C antibody checks to ensure that no “slip through the net.”

Reporter learned from the city hospital for infectious diseases, hepatitis C infection accounted for the hospital outpatient amount of 1 / 3.

It is reported that hepatitis C is not harmful to human inferior to hepatitis B, a longer disease course, and has considerable hidden, it is highly likely more than a decade to develop into cirrhosis or liver cancer later.

Liver Research Institute, City, Qu is said Fang, as a means of testing hepatitis C must be a blood and reagent restricted, HCV detection rate was only 80%. Once infected with hepatitis C, its symptoms less, progress was slow, and liver function are mostly normal or abnormal, patients or doctors can not easily be found, so in the community formed a large, hidden, and not diagnosis of chronic hepatitis C groups, but also a dangerous source of infection.

Music director suggested that HCV infection should be in the regular hospital treatment, but also away from the chemical reagents and toxic substances, do not drink, so as to avoid further damage to the liver.

China’s national epidemiological survey found that hepatitis C infection rate in China reached 3.2%, an estimated more than 30 million hepatitis C infections, but diagnosed each year with hepatitis C is only 30000 people, most of those infected because of lack of timely Diagnosis and treatment were delayed, as the former U.S. Public Health Service’s chief medical consultant, Dr Cooper said: “Hepatitis C is becoming a huge threat to human public health.”

Unfortunately, so far, like hepatitis C and AIDS, have no vaccine. In other words, humanity is still unable to adopt measures for active immunization to prevent the occurrence of hepatitis C, so every moment hepatitis C threat to human health.

Xiaojun not understand how their own will become infected with hepatitis C? She checked the Internet at high risk of suffering from hepatitis C features, themselves could not be. Only later did I know, 2 years old, she was hospitalized because of pneumonia and had a doctor’s advice of blood transfusion.

1989, no, “hepatitis C” is the word

1989, U.S. scientists have discovered that a new type of hepatitis virus before, people do not know the disease hepatitis C, in which, before the spread of hepatitis C has been quietly for decades.

In China, hepatitis C is from the 1993-1994 standardized testing began to spread, and in 1994, before the blood products is with the hepatitis C virus, unable to determine. Experts have recommended, inter alia, in 1994 the best to be a blood transfusion before screening for HCV antibodies.

90% of people do not understand hepatitis C

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) on the liver damage is very subtle, hepatitis C patients, only 10% of people have symptoms. Many hepatitis C virus-infected persons has been expressed in the normal liver function tests, so easily missed. Of hepatitis C virus with other viruses is different from acute infection rarely cause symptoms, and general physical examination related to hepatitis C rarely do inspections, so that recessive carriers of hepatitis C is difficult to know in time the fact that they have been infected.

Both children and adults, if you do not receive treatment, 70% -80% of HCV infected people will switch to the chronically ill. While the adults infected with hepatitis B virus, only 5% -10% will turn into chronic. To make matters worse, hepatitis C develop cirrhosis, liver cancer in hepatitis B above. Hepatitis C if active treatment, 20 years the proportion of cirrhosis occurs after 10% -30%, cirrhosis of the liver is often able to set their own dies, the other of which there are 5% -10% develop into liver cancer, the only effective the treatment is a liver transplant. Because the liver can be infected with the virus for many years without any symptoms, but once the disease is often a condition is already very heavy.

How the spread of hepatitis C

Hepatitis C through blood, broken skin, mucus, sexuality, and mother to child transmission, therefore, there had been blood transfusion, use of non-disposable syringes and without the strict disinfection of dental instruments, endoscopy, acupuncture, piercing equipment, as well as had unclean sexual history, or have been used without rigorous disinfection apparatus for tattoos, Wen-mei, wearing earrings and other skin and mucous membrane pore traumatic operations people may be infected with hepatitis C have.

Objectively speaking, hugging, kissing, eating is not contagious. But the need to emphasize that kissing does not transmission of hepatitis C on the premise that both sides of the mouth kissing those who do not have any damage, that is in oral mucosal barrier integrity of the case is not contagious. If there are ulcers, it is difficult to say.

The afternoon of May 17, Guangzhou, Zhongshan three homes epidemiology expert Professor Zhao Zhixin in Zhongshan Hospitals for everyone to explain about the dangers and prevention of hepatitis C-related content, and some patients do the question answered in detail by the of the audience here at home.

Expert Description:

Zhao Xin, Associate Professor, Master’s tutor. He graduated from Zhongshan Medical University in 1987 to obtain master’s degree in epidemiology. In 2000 in the famous liver expert under the guidance of Professor Yao Jilu obtained a doctorate in science. After graduating from the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen (Zhongshan three house) has long engaged in infectious disease clinical, teaching and clinical research. Sun Yat-sen, deputy director of teaching and research is currently infected and Zhongshan Hospital, deputy director of Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongshan University Course in infectious diseases, speaker teachers, Sun Yat-sen Epidemiology 8-year course responsible person. Viral hepatitis is mainly engaged in the clinical and research work (anti-viral treatment of chronic hepatitis, viral hepatitis prognostic factor analysis and research), in recent years, provincial-level commitment and participation of seven research projects currently focus on participation in national “Eleventh Five-Year” is hard to governing the treatment of hepatitis C research, published scientific papers about more than 20 (including SCI included 3). Chaired or participated in 16 medical monograph or national planning in the preparation of teaching materials. In 2003 won in the fight against SARS, “Anti-SARS, Guangdong Province, second-class power.”

1. The dangers of Hepatitis C

1. Hepatitis C virus

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) has been quite interesting human knowledge, in the last century, 70 years ago because of hepatitis awareness of the pandemic spread of hepatitis A through the diet, soon after it was recognized that spread through the blood can cause hepatitis, another The virus, named hepatitis. To the early 70s, it also found a blood-borne viruses, this virus and hepatitis A virus and hepatitis B virus are not the same, when people will be named as “non-A, non B” hepatitis B virus. The late 80s, hepatitis C virus gene was successfully cloned and invented a hepatitis C antibody detection methods, also found in other viruses can cause hepatitis, and in order to make the naming more standardized hepatitis viruses will be “non-A, non B” hepatitis virus, named hepatitis C virus. Until the early 90s, hepatitis C virus quantitative examination begun to emerge.

Xiaojun 30 years old, it had never occurred, and his colleagues go to the hospital checkup, and occasionally actually increase in this project there is a problem – she had been detected infected with HCV.

Always keeping oneself clean in Xiaojun, how could not understand their own infected with hepatitis C? She checked the Internet at high risk of suffering from hepatitis C the characteristics of their own are not … … was later learned that two-year-old, she was hospitalized because of pneumonia and had a doctor’s the recommendation of blood transfusion.

1989, no, “hepatitis C” is the word

1989, U.S. scientists have discovered that a new type of hepatitis virus before, people do not know the disease hepatitis C, in which, before the spread of hepatitis C has been quietly for decades.

In China, hepatitis C is from the 1993-1994 standardized testing began to spread, and in 1994, before the blood products is with the hepatitis C virus, unable to determine. Experts have recommended, inter alia, in 1994 the best to be a blood transfusion before screening for HCV antibodies.

90% of people do not understand hepatitis C

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) on the liver damage is very subtle, hepatitis C patients, only 10% of people have symptoms. Many hepatitis C virus-infected persons has been expressed in the normal liver function tests, so easily missed. Of hepatitis C virus with other viruses is different from acute infection rarely cause symptoms, and general physical examination related to hepatitis C rarely do inspections, so that recessive carriers of hepatitis C is difficult to know in time the fact that they have been infected.

Both children and adults, if you do not receive treatment, 70% -80% of HCV infected people will switch to the chronically ill. While the adults infected with hepatitis B virus, only 5% -10% will turn into chronic. To make matters worse, hepatitis C develop cirrhosis, liver cancer in hepatitis B above. Hepatitis C if active treatment, 20 years the proportion of cirrhosis occurs after 10% -30%, cirrhosis of the liver is often able to set their own dies, the other of which there are 5% -10% develop into liver cancer, the only effective the treatment is a liver transplant. Because the liver can be infected with the virus for many years without any symptoms, but once the disease is often a condition is already very heavy.

How the spread of hepatitis C

Hepatitis C through blood, broken skin, mucus, sexuality, and mother to child transmission, therefore, there had been blood transfusion, use of non-disposable syringes and without the strict disinfection of dental instruments, endoscopy, acupuncture, piercing equipment, as well as had unclean sexual history, or have been used without rigorous disinfection apparatus for tattoos, Wen-mei, wearing earrings and other skin and mucous membrane pore traumatic operations people may be infected with hepatitis C have.

Objectively speaking, hugging, kissing, eating is not contagious. But the need to emphasize that kissing does not transmission of hepatitis C on the premise that both sides of the mouth kissing those who do not have any damage, that is in oral mucosal barrier integrity of the case is not contagious. If there are ulcers, it is difficult to say.

“Once a mildly elevated transaminases continued, the exclusion of the hepatitis A, hepatitis B and fatty liver, may not forget to check the hepatitis C!” City Hospital for Infectious Diseases Liver Wang Yi, director of a recent interview with reporters, said that people now Hepatitis C is also more familiar with, but from 2002 to 2006 four-year period, China’s hepatitis C morbidity and mortality rates increased by 3.3-fold and 2.7-fold increase was evident.

She said, hepatitis C than hepatitis A, hepatitis B into a high risk of chronic. With acute hepatitis A more common, generally do not translate into chronic; hepatitis B infection during childhood into a higher risk of chronic adult infection in the majority of post-acute disease or health to carry. The hepatitis C is different from more than 80% of those infected will be transformed into chronic, of which 20% will progress to cirrhosis of the liver, some eventually develop into liver cancer.

Even more frightening is the very onset occult hepatitis C, it is easy to be ignored. Hepatitis A, hepatitis B patients were more obvious almost asthenia, anorexia, nausea and discomfort, and mild hepatitis, jaundice, rare, patients tend to appear only mildly elevated transaminase. Clinical studies have shown that the majority of patients with chronic hepatitis C disease 10 or even 20 years, without any apparent discomfort or occasional gastrointestinal symptoms, and only a small number of patients with abnormal immune response due to the body, there will be itching of skin, rheumatoid arthritis, dry conjunctival keratitis, glomerulonephritis and other seemingly unrelated to the liver and liver outside the performance. Thus, many hepatitis C patients seeking treatment in the medical examination or other diseases was discovered by accident, but when and how the hepatitis C virus infection, often without the knowledge of.

Wang Yi said that, with hepatitis A, hepatitis B is different from not produce the vaccine to prevent hepatitis C, which lifestyles utmost importance. Similar with hepatitis B, hepatitis C virus via blood, sexual life and mother to child vertical transmission. People should avoid sharing syringes intravenous drug use, can not be accepted strict sterilization of dental instruments, endoscopy, acupuncture and other screening, treatment, do not share razors, toothbrushes, less than sanitary conditions unqualified beauty salons tattoos, Wen-mei, pierced ears, avoid dirty sex life.